Moroue College Med-Surg 1 Exam 3

Free preview · Original latest version

Sample questions from Moroue College Med-Surg 1 Exam 3

This material has 75 questions with answers and rationales. Here are the first 5.

1. 1.Which electrocardiogram finding is most consistent with acute myocardial injury?

   • A.A flattened T wave without other changes
   • B.A narrow QRS complex with a regular rate of 72 beats/min
   • C.A prolonged PR interval with every P wave followed by a QRS complex
   • D.ST-segment elevation in leads facing the affected myocardial region

   Rationale: ST-segment elevation in anatomically related leads can indicate acute myocardial injury and requires rapid evaluation for reperfusion treatment. A prolonged PR interval suggests delayed atrioventricular conduction, while a normal rate and narrow QRS do not indicate acute injury. A flattened T wave can occur with electrolyte changes but is not the characteristic finding of acute myocardial injury.

2. 2.In a community clinic, a 17-year-old asks how to reduce the risk of developing hypertension. Which recommendation is most appropriate?

   • A.Choose a diet rich in fruits and vegetables and limit high-sodium foods
   • B.Avoid all physical activity that raises the heart rate
   • C.Use nonprescription decongestants regularly to prevent nasal congestion
   • D.Increase energy drink intake to improve alertness during school

   Rationale: A diet emphasizing fruits and vegetables and limiting sodium supports cardiovascular health and blood pressure control. Regular physical activity is generally beneficial rather than something to avoid. Decongestants can raise blood pressure, and energy drinks may contain stimulants that increase heart rate and blood pressure.

3. 3.Refer to the client's chart. Which findings require the nurse to notify the provider promptly about possible worsening heart failure? Select all that apply.

   • A.The client reports improved appetite
   • B.Urine output is 45 mL/hr
   • C.New crackles are present bilaterally at the lung bases
   • D.Oxygen saturation decreased from 95% to 90% on room air
   • E.Weight increased by 1.8 kg (4 lb) in 48 hours

   Rationale: The 1.8-kg weight gain in 48 hours suggests fluid retention, and new bilateral crackles suggest pulmonary congestion. The decrease in oxygen saturation from 95% to 90% is a worsening respiratory finding in this client with heart failure. Urine output of 45 mL/hr is not, by itself, evidence of inadequate output, and improved appetite is not a sign of worsening congestion.

4. 4.A client states, "My chest feels tight, and I feel faint" after receiving the first dose of a beta blocker. The heart rate is 48 beats/min. Which action should the nurse take first?

   • A.Give the medication with food to reduce adverse effects
   • B.Encourage the client to walk to improve circulation
   • C.Withhold the next dose and promptly notify the provider
   • D.Document the findings as an expected response and reassess in 4 hours

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.

5. 5.A client with atrial fibrillation is prescribed warfarin. Which statement indicates a need for further teaching?

   • A."I will report black, tarry stools to my health care provider."
   • B."I can take ibuprofen whenever I have a headache."
   • C."I will use a soft-bristled toothbrush and an electric razor."
   • D."I will keep my intake of foods containing vitamin K consistent."

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.