Prn 1520 Pathophysioly Exam 2

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Sample questions from Prn 1520 Pathophysioly Exam 2

This material has 75 questions with answers and rationales. Here are the first 5.

1. 1.In the emergency department, a client has a painful, moist, blistered injury over the forearm after a hot-liquid spill. The area blanches with pressure. Which classification best describes the burn depth?

   • A.Superficial burn involving only the epidermis
   • B.Full-thickness burn extending through the dermis
   • C.Deep partial-thickness burn extending into the deep dermis
   • D.Superficial partial-thickness burn involving the epidermis and superficial dermis

   Rationale: Blistering, moisture, pain, and blanching are characteristic of a superficial partial-thickness burn, which involves the epidermis and superficial dermis. A superficial burn is typically dry and red without blisters. Deep partial-thickness injury is often less blanching and may have reduced sensation, while full-thickness injury destroys the dermis and may be relatively painless centrally. Burn depth describes tissue injury, not the percentage of body surface involved.

2. 2.During a home visit, a client with limited mobility has intact sacral skin with persistent nonblanchable redness. Which interpretation is most accurate?

   • A.This is a stage 1 pressure injury with impaired skin integrity despite the absence of an open wound.
   • B.This is a stage 2 pressure injury because redness indicates partial-thickness tissue loss.
   • C.This is a deep tissue pressure injury because all persistent redness indicates damage beneath the skin.
   • D.This is normal reactive hyperemia and does not indicate pressure-related damage.

   Rationale: Stage 1 pressure injury presents as intact skin with localized nonblanchable erythema. Stage 2 requires partial-thickness skin loss or an exposed dermis, not redness alone. Deep tissue pressure injury is characterized by persistent deep red, maroon, or purple discoloration or related findings, rather than any nonblanchable redness. Nonblanchable redness is not normal reactive hyperemia and signals pressure-related tissue damage.

3. 3.A client says, "I thought a burn that does not hurt must be minor." Which statements accurately explain why a full-thickness burn may be painless at its center? Select all that apply.

   • A.The center of a full-thickness burn may have reduced sensation even when surrounding areas are painful.
   • B.The absence of pain establishes that the burn has a small total body surface area.
   • C.Pain may occur at the margins where less deeply injured tissue remains.
   • D.Full-thickness injury can destroy sensory nerve endings in the affected area.
   • E.A painless center proves that the burn involves only the epidermis.

   Rationale: Full-thickness burns destroy the dermis and may damage sensory nerve endings, producing reduced sensation or no pain in the center. Surrounding partial-thickness tissue can remain highly painful, so pain at the margins does not contradict a full-thickness central injury. A painless area does not indicate a superficial burn or establish burn size. Depth and total body surface area are separate characteristics.

4. 4.A parent brings a 2-year-old to a community clinic after a brief contact with a hot pan. The child's palm is red, dry, and tender, with no blisters. Which finding best supports a superficial burn rather than a partial-thickness burn?

   • A.The palm is located over a joint and is painful with movement.
   • B.The child withdraws when the area is touched.
   • C.The affected skin is red and dry without blistering.
   • D.The erythema remains visible after the child is comforted.

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.

5. 5.At change of shift, a client with a large burn has increasing thirst, a falling urine output, and a rising heart rate. Which pathophysiologic process best explains this pattern?

   • A.The rising heart rate indicates that the burn has become a full-thickness injury.
   • B.Burn-related capillary permeability causes fluid to shift from the intravascular space into tissues.
   • C.The kidneys are retaining fluid because burn injury has increased circulating blood volume.
   • D.Fluid loss from the skin is limited to the wound surface and does not affect circulation.

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.