Fundamentals of Nursing Chapter One to 30

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Sample questions from Fundamentals of Nursing Chapter One to 30

This material has 90 questions with answers and rationales. Here are the first 5.

1. 1.During a home visit, a client receiving oxygen asks how to reduce the risk of a fire. Which instruction is most important?

   • A.Apply petroleum jelly to dry nasal passages before inserting the cannula.
   • B.Turn the oxygen flowmeter off only when the client leaves the home.
   • C.Use a wool blanket to reduce static electricity around the oxygen equipment.
   • D.Keep oxygen equipment at least 10 feet from open flames and heat sources.

   Rationale: Oxygen supports combustion, so keeping it away from open flames and heat sources is essential. Petroleum-based products can ignite and should not be used with oxygen; a water-based lubricant is a safer choice. Oxygen should be turned off when it is not in use, and wool can increase static electricity rather than reduce it.

2. 2.A client is on contact precautions for suspected Clostridioides difficile infection. Which actions should the nurse take when providing care? Select all that apply.

   • A.Wear a gown and gloves when entering the client's room.
   • B.Place the client in a negative-pressure room.
   • C.Use alcohol-based hand rub as the only hand hygiene method after care.
   • D.Wash hands with soap and water after removing gloves and leaving the room.
   • E.Use dedicated equipment, such as a blood pressure cuff, for the client.

   Rationale: A gown and gloves are appropriate for contact precautions, and dedicated equipment helps limit transmission. Soap and water handwashing is preferred after caring for a client with C. difficile because alcohol-based hand rubs do not reliably remove its spores. Alcohol-based hand rub alone and a negative-pressure room are not indicated; negative-pressure rooms are used for airborne precautions.

3. 3.A newborn is admitted to the nursery, and the parent asks why staff clean their hands even when they have not touched the infant. Which response is best?

   • A.Hand hygiene is needed only after contact with body fluids.
   • B.Hand hygiene prevents every infection from being transmitted in the nursery.
   • C.Hand hygiene reduces transmission of microorganisms that may be present on hands even when they look clean.
   • D.Gloves make hand hygiene unnecessary when staff do not touch the infant directly.

   Rationale: Microorganisms can be present on hands without visible soil, so hand hygiene is required at appropriate points before and after care. It is not limited to situations involving body fluids, and it reduces but does not eliminate infection risk. Gloves do not replace hand hygiene because hands can become contaminated during glove removal or through small glove defects.

4. 4.At change of shift, the nurse receives report on four clients. Which client should be assessed first for an immediate safety risk?

   • A.A client with a urinary catheter who has not had a bowel movement for 2 days.
   • B.A client with dementia who is standing unassisted beside the bed and reaching for a walker.
   • C.A client who is waiting for a scheduled dressing change.
   • D.A client who asks for help repositioning because of mild back discomfort.

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.

5. 5.In the emergency department, a client with a suspected pulmonary infection has a frequent cough and is awaiting test results. Which initial placement is appropriate when an airborne infection is suspected?

   • A.A private room with the door closed and negative air pressure.
   • B.A semiprivate room with a client who has the same cough.
   • C.A private room with the door open and positive air pressure.
   • D.A room near the nurses' station with the door open for observation.

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.