Hiv/aids Nursing Study Guide

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Sample questions from Hiv/aids Nursing Study Guide

This material has 10 questions with answers and rationales. Here are the first 5.

1. 1.A client with HIV has a CD4 count of 62 cells/mm3, a dry cough, a respiratory rate of 32/min, and oxygen saturation of 85% on room air. Which action should the nurse take first?

   • A.Review the client's reasons for missing antiretroviral doses.
   • B.Position the client upright, provide oxygen under protocol, and obtain urgent assistance.
   • C.Teach the client how CD4 counts predict opportunistic infection risk.
   • D.Collect a detailed three-day dietary history.

   Rationale: B is correct because severe hypoxemia requires immediate support and escalation. A addresses an important long-term contributor but does not stabilize breathing. C is useful after stabilization, not during respiratory distress. D may identify nutritional needs but is not the immediate priority.

2. 2.A nurse plans routine care for a client with HIV who has no suspected transmissible coinfection. Which precaution is appropriate?

   • A.Airborne precautions for every room entry.
   • B.Contact precautions and dedicated disposable dishes.
   • C.Standard precautions with protective equipment selected for the anticipated exposure.
   • D.A protective environment solely because the CD4 count is below 200 cells/mm3.

   Rationale: C is correct because HIV alone requires standard precautions. A is indicated for infections such as pulmonary tuberculosis, not HIV itself. B adds unnecessary restrictions and dishes do not transmit HIV. D is incorrect because a low CD4 count alone does not indicate a specialized protective environment.

3. 3.A client reports a potential HIV exposure yesterday and has a negative rapid antibody test today. Which interpretation is most accurate?

   • A.The result excludes infection from yesterday's exposure.
   • B.The result may be negative during the window period, and urgent PEP evaluation is still needed.
   • C.PEP should be delayed until an antibody test becomes positive.
   • D.Repeat testing is unnecessary unless fever develops.

   Rationale: B is correct because testing immediately after exposure cannot reliably exclude acquisition, and PEP is time-sensitive. A ignores the window period. C delays prevention until it is no longer preventive. D is wrong because infection may be asymptomatic and follow-up testing is based on exposure, not symptoms alone.

4. 4.A client who recently began an abacavir-containing regimen reports fever, rash, nausea, and shortness of breath. What is the nurse's best action?

   • A.Administer the next dose with food.
   • B.Explain that these symptoms prove immune recovery.
   • C.Hold the suspected medication, arrange urgent evaluation, and flag possible abacavir hypersensitivity.
   • D.Suggest a medication holiday followed by a smaller test dose.

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.

5. 5.Which client statement best demonstrates correct understanding of U=U?

   • A.Once my viral load is undetectable, I can stop treatment.
   • B.Maintaining viral suppression below 200 copies/mL prevents sexual HIV transmission, but I still need treatment and follow-up.
   • C.An undetectable viral load prevents all sexually transmitted infections.
   • D.An undetectable viral load guarantees that sharing injection equipment is safe.

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.