Davis Advantage for Pathophysiology 3RD Edition by Theresa Capriotti Question Bank

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Sample questions from Davis Advantage for Pathophysiology 3RD Edition by Theresa Capriotti Question Bank

This material has 90 questions with answers and rationales. Here are the first 5.

1. 1.Refer to the client's chart. Which findings support progression from localized inflammation to systemic infection? Select all that apply.

   • A.The wound has localized erythema and warmth.
   • B.The client reports mild tenderness at the wound site.
   • C.Temperature increased from 37.2 C to 38.6 C.
   • D.Heart rate increased from 92/min to 112/min.
   • E.White blood cell count is 16,800/mm3.

   Rationale: The rising temperature, tachycardia, and leukocytosis indicate a systemic inflammatory response rather than inflammation confined to the wound. Local erythema, warmth, and tenderness are expected local inflammatory findings and do not alone establish systemic spread. Trends in vital signs and laboratory results are important when evaluating a potentially worsening infection.

2. 2.Which cellular change is most characteristic of reversible cell injury caused by hypoxia?

   • A.Nuclear fragmentation caused by lysosomal rupture
   • B.Caseous necrosis with granuloma formation
   • C.Apoptosis with orderly cell shrinkage and no inflammation
   • D.Cellular swelling from failure of sodium-potassium pumps

   Rationale: ATP depletion impairs membrane ion pumps, allowing sodium and water to enter cells and causing cellular swelling. Nuclear fragmentation and lysosomal damage are features of irreversible injury. Apoptosis is programmed cell death and is not the defining reversible response to hypoxia.

3. 3.A client with a new cast reports increasing pain that is not relieved by prescribed analgesia. Which additional finding most strongly suggests acute compartment syndrome?

   • A.Mild itching beneath the cast
   • B.Pain with passive stretch of the affected fingers
   • C.Capillary refill of 2 seconds
   • D.Warm skin distal to the cast

   Rationale: Severe pain out of proportion to the injury and pain with passive stretch are early warning signs of compartment syndrome. A warm extremity and prompt capillary refill do not rule it out, but are less concerning than escalating stretch pain. Itching is common with a cast and does not indicate impaired perfusion.

4. 4.During a home visit, a client asks why ice is recommended soon after an ankle sprain. Which response best explains the physiologic effect?

   • A.It causes vasoconstriction that can limit edema and local metabolic demand.
   • B.It increases tissue oxygen consumption and speeds cell death.
   • C.It prevents all leukocyte activity at the injured site.
   • D.It increases capillary permeability so inflammatory cells reach the area faster.

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.

5. 5.Refer to the client's chart. Which finding requires the most immediate follow-up for possible medication-related tissue injury?

   • A.A capillary refill time of 2 seconds in the unaffected hand
   • B.Mild nausea after breakfast
   • C.New blistering and increasing pain at the peripheral IV site during infusion
   • D.A temperature of 37.4 C at 1000

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.