Paedtric Notes

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Sample questions from Paedtric Notes

This material has 24 questions with answers and rationales. Here are the first 5.

1. 1.An 11-month-old with bronchiolitis has marked retractions, oxygen saturation of 87% on room air, and increasing drowsiness. Which action should the RN take first?

   • A.Offer oral rehydration solution by bottle.
   • B.Teach the caregiver about preventing future infections.
   • C.Complete the developmental screening questionnaire.
   • D.Support oxygenation and summon immediate assistance.

   Rationale: B is correct because hypoxemia and drowsiness indicate possible respiratory failure. Immediate respiratory support and escalation take priority. A risks aspiration during marked distress. C and D are appropriate later but delay stabilization.

2. 2.A 4-year-old sits leaning forward, drools, and has a muffled voice and high fever. Which action is safest?

   • A.Inspect the posterior pharynx with a tongue depressor.
   • B.Maintain the preferred position and activate the airway team.
   • C.Ask the child to drink cold water to assess swallowing.
   • D.Place the child supine for a complete examination.

   Rationale: C is correct because these findings suggest epiglottitis with threatened airway obstruction. A can provoke obstruction. B may worsen airway compromise and distress. D risks aspiration and delays definitive airway assessment.

3. 3.Which finding most strongly suggests compensated shock in a toddler with gastroenteritis?

   • A.A single loose stool with normal intake.
   • B.Normal interaction and moist mucous membranes.
   • C.Normal blood pressure with tachycardia, cool extremities, and decreased urine output.
   • D.Warm hands and normal pulse quality after oral rehydration.

   Rationale: A is correct because children can maintain blood pressure while perfusion deteriorates. B indicates relatively reassuring hydration and behavior. C alone does not indicate shock. D suggests adequate or improving perfusion rather than shock.

4. 4.A child weighs 18 kg. The prescription is amoxicillin 40 mg/kg/day in two equal doses. The suspension contains 400 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose?

   • A.4.5 mL
   • B.9 mL
   • C.2.25 mL
   • D.18 mL

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.

5. 5.A caregiver calls about a 7-week-old infant with a rectal temperature of 38.2 C. The infant is still taking some formula. Which instruction is best?

   • A.Delay evaluation until feeding stops completely.
   • B.Arrange prompt medical evaluation now.
   • C.Give aspirin and recheck the temperature tomorrow.
   • D.Observe at home unless the temperature reaches 40 C.

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.