Proctored Pediatrics

Free preview · Original latest version

Sample questions from Proctored Pediatrics

This material has 90 questions with answers and rationales. Here are the first 5.

1. 1.A nurse is assessing a 2-month-old infant during a well-child visit. Which finding requires the most immediate follow-up?

   • A.The infant has a brief startle response to a loud noise.
   • B.The anterior fontanel is soft and flat.
   • C.The infant has a rectal temperature of 38.1 C (100.6 F).
   • D.The infant briefly fixes on the caregiver's face.

   Rationale: A rectal temperature of 38.1 C (100.6 F) or higher in an infant younger than 3 months requires prompt medical evaluation because serious bacterial infection may initially have few other signs. A startle response and brief visual fixation are expected developmental findings, and a soft, flat fontanel is normal. Do not assume fever in a young infant is due to a minor illness or wait for additional symptoms.

2. 2.A nurse is teaching the parent of a 6-month-old about introducing solid foods. Which instruction is appropriate?

   • A.Offer honey mixed into cereal if the infant refuses plain cereal.
   • B.Introduce one new food at a time and wait several days before adding another.
   • C.Replace breast milk or formula with pureed foods at each feeding.
   • D.Add rice cereal to the bottle to promote longer sleep.

   Rationale: Introducing one new food at a time and waiting several days helps the caregiver identify a possible food reaction. Honey should be avoided until after 12 months because of the risk of infant botulism, and breast milk or formula remains the primary nutrition during the first year. Adding cereal to a bottle is not a routine sleep strategy and can increase choking risk.

3. 3.The parent of a 2-year-old asks how to reduce the risk of injury at home. Which recommendation is the priority?

   • A.Store medications in a child-resistant container on a high shelf.
   • B.Keep medications and household chemicals locked in their original containers.
   • C.Teach the child to recognize warning labels on cleaning products.
   • D.Keep the poison control number near the kitchen telephone.

   Rationale: Locked storage in original containers reduces access and preserves product-identification information if exposure occurs. Child-resistant packaging is not childproof, and a high shelf alone may be reachable by a climbing toddler. Warning-label instruction is not reliable protection at this age, although keeping poison control information accessible is also useful.

4. 4.A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the parent of a 4-month-old. Which statement by the parent indicates a need for further teaching?

   • A.I will place my baby on the back for sleep.
   • B.I will use a firm, flat sleep surface without loose blankets.
   • C.I can let my baby sleep in the adult bed if I stay beside the baby.
   • D.I will keep pillows and stuffed toys out of the crib.

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.

5. 5.A 5-year-old is admitted for surgery and cries when the parent leaves the room. Which nursing action is most appropriate?

   • A.Explain that the child is too old to cry when a parent leaves.
   • B.Encourage the parent to leave without saying goodbye to prevent another upset.
   • C.Allow the child to keep a familiar toy and arrange parental presence when possible.
   • D.Tell the child that the parent will return only after the child stops crying.

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.