ATI TEAS

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Sample questions from ATI TEAS

This material has 90 questions with answers and rationales. Here are the first 5.

1. 1.A 19-year-old student in an urgent care clinic reports dizziness after vomiting for 24 hours. Blood pressure is 92/58 mm Hg, pulse is 118/min, and mucous membranes are dry. Which physiological response should help the body conserve water?

   • A.Decreased release of antidiuretic hormone
   • B.Increased release of antidiuretic hormone
   • C.Increased filtration of water into urine
   • D.Decreased water reabsorption by the kidneys

   Rationale: Increased antidiuretic hormone promotes renal water reabsorption during volume depletion. Decreased hormone release would increase water loss rather than conserve water. Increasing water filtration into urine or decreasing renal water reabsorption would worsen dehydration. The takeaway is that antidiuretic hormone helps maintain circulating volume by conserving water.

2. 2.A 72-year-old patient in the emergency department has fever, productive cough, and an oxygen saturation of 87% on room air. Chest imaging shows fluid-filled alveoli consistent with pneumonia. Which process is most directly impaired?

   • A.Transport of food through the esophagus
   • B.Electrical conduction through the ventricles
   • C.Diffusion of gases across the alveolar-capillary membrane
   • D.Production of red blood cells in bone marrow

   Rationale: Alveolar fluid interferes with oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion across the respiratory membrane. Esophageal transport concerns digestion, not pulmonary gas exchange. Ventricular conduction and red blood cell production influence circulation and oxygen delivery but are not the primary process disrupted by alveolar fluid. The takeaway is to connect a structural abnormality with its immediate functional consequence.

3. 3.A 16-year-old patient in an outpatient clinic reports fatigue and shortness of breath during exercise. Hemoglobin is 8.9 g/dL, and the clinician suspects iron-deficiency anemia. Which blood component has the function most directly affected?

   • A.Erythrocytes that transport oxygen
   • B.Platelets that form initial clot plugs
   • C.Neutrophils that engulf bacteria
   • D.Lymphocytes that support adaptive immunity

   Rationale: Erythrocytes contain hemoglobin, which carries oxygen to tissues. Platelets support hemostasis rather than oxygen transport. Neutrophils and lymphocytes provide immune defense, so their functions do not explain the low hemoglobin finding. The takeaway is to distinguish the major functions of formed blood elements.

4. 4.A 58-year-old patient in a diabetes clinic has a fasting glucose of 186 mg/dL. The educator explains that insulin helps reduce blood glucose after a meal. Which statement best describes this action?

   • A.Insulin stimulates the liver to release stored glucose.
   • B.Insulin prevents glucose from entering skeletal muscle.
   • C.Insulin converts pancreatic cells into glucose storage cells.
   • D.Insulin promotes glucose uptake by skeletal muscle and adipose tissue.

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.

5. 5.A 23-year-old patient in the emergency department develops tingling around the mouth while breathing rapidly during a panic episode. Respiratory rate is 34/min; arterial blood gases show pH 7.49 and PaCO2 29 mm Hg. Which process best explains these findings?

   • A.Excessive retention of carbon dioxide causes acidosis.
   • B.Excessive exhalation of carbon dioxide causes alkalosis.
   • C.Loss of bicarbonate through the intestines causes alkalosis.
   • D.Increased lactic acid production causes respiratory alkalosis.

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.