HESI A2 – Anatomy & Physiology — Original Latest Version Study Set

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Sample questions from HESI A2 – Anatomy & Physiology — Original Latest Version Study Set

This material has 30 questions with answers and rationales. Here are the first 5.

1. 1.**Which structure is the basic functional unit of the kidney?**

   • A.Neuron.
   • B.Alveolus.
   • C.Nephron.
   • D.Villus.

   Rationale: The nephron filters blood and helps regulate water and solute balance. An alveolus is a gas-exchange structure in the lungs, a neuron transmits signals, and a villus increases absorption in the small intestine. The exam takeaway is to connect each organ system with its specialized functional unit.

2. 2.**Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta?**

   • A.Left ventricle.
   • B.Left atrium.
   • C.Right ventricle.
   • D.Right atrium.

   Rationale: The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood through the aorta to the systemic circulation. The right-sided chambers handle blood traveling to the lungs, while the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs. The key distinction is that ventricles pump blood out of the heart and atria receive it.

3. 3.**Which blood component is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen?**

   • A.Plasma proteins.
   • B.White blood cells.
   • C.Platelets.
   • D.Red blood cells.

   Rationale: Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds and transports most of the blood's oxygen. Platelets support clotting, white blood cells participate in immune defense, and plasma proteins have varied roles such as transport and maintaining osmotic pressure. Hemoglobin is the central oxygen-carrying molecule to remember.

4. 4.**Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing?**

   • A.Diaphragm.
   • B.Epiglottis.
   • C.Uvula.
   • D.Larynx.

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.

5. 5.**Where does most nutrient absorption occur in the digestive tract?**

   • A.Small intestine.
   • B.Stomach.
   • C.Large intestine.
   • D.Esophagus.

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.