BIOS256 Anatomy & Physiology II — Original Latest Version Study Set

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Sample questions from BIOS256 Anatomy & Physiology II — Original Latest Version Study Set

This material has 90 questions with answers and rationales. Here are the first 5.

1. 1.Which hormone is released by the anterior pituitary to stimulate the thyroid gland?

   • A.Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
   • B.Thyroxine (T4)
   • C.Calcitonin
   • D.Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

   Rationale: TSH is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates thyroid hormone synthesis and release. T4 is produced by the thyroid, calcitonin is released by thyroid C cells, and TRH is released by the hypothalamus. The exam takeaway is to distinguish hypothalamic releasing hormones from pituitary tropic hormones and their target-gland hormones.

2. 2.A patient has elevated blood glucose after a meal. Which pancreatic hormone most directly promotes glucose uptake by many body cells?

   • A.Glucagon
   • B.Insulin
   • C.Aldosterone
   • D.Cortisol

   Rationale: Insulin, secreted by pancreatic beta cells, promotes glucose uptake in insulin-sensitive tissues and favors storage of nutrients. Glucagon raises blood glucose, while aldosterone regulates sodium and potassium balance and cortisol has broader metabolic effects but is not the immediate post-meal signal. Remember that insulin lowers blood glucose and glucagon raises it.

3. 3.Which change is expected when parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion increases?

   • A.Decreased blood calcium
   • B.Increased blood calcium
   • C.Increased blood calcitonin as the primary response
   • D.Decreased renal calcium reabsorption

   Rationale: PTH raises blood calcium by promoting bone resorption, increasing renal calcium reabsorption, and stimulating activation of vitamin D. Decreased blood calcium is the opposite effect, and increased calcitonin is not the primary PTH response. PTH also increases renal phosphate excretion rather than decreasing calcium reabsorption.

4. 4.A patient has low cortisol and low aldosterone due to adrenal cortex destruction. Which region is primarily affected?

   • A.Adrenal medulla
   • B.Zona glomerulosa only
   • C.Adrenal cortex
   • D.Posterior pituitary

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.

5. 5.Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary to increase water reabsorption by the kidneys?

   • A.Oxytocin
   • B.Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
   • C.Growth hormone
   • D.Prolactin

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.