Anthony Textbook of Anatomy Edition 22 & Physiology Patton Bell Thompson Williamson Create ATI Style Quiz

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Sample questions from Anthony Textbook of Anatomy Edition 22 & Physiology Patton Bell Thompson Williamson Create ATI Style Quiz

This material has 90 questions with answers and rationales. Here are the first 5.

1. 1.During a laboratory demonstration, a red blood cell is placed in a solution with a lower solute concentration than the cell's cytosol. Which change is most likely?

   • A.Water moves into the cell, causing it to swell and potentially lyse.
   • B.Water moves out of the cell, causing it to crenate.
   • C.Solute moves into the cell until the cell shrinks.
   • D.Water movement stops because the membrane is selectively permeable.

   Rationale: The solution is hypotonic relative to the cell, so water moves into the cell by osmosis and may cause swelling or lysis. Crenation occurs when water leaves a cell in a hypertonic solution. Solute movement is not the primary explanation for the volume change, and selective permeability does not prevent water movement.

2. 2.A biopsy from a patient with a genetic disorder shows cells that cannot efficiently break down worn-out organelles and other intracellular material. Which organelle is most likely impaired?

   • A.Ribosome
   • B.Golgi apparatus
   • C.Lysosome
   • D.Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

   Rationale: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that digest cellular debris, worn-out organelles, and materials taken into the cell. Ribosomes synthesize proteins, while the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification. The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages products rather than digesting intracellular waste.

3. 3.A cultured cell is exposed to a substance that blocks ATP production. Which cellular processes are directly impaired by loss of ATP? Select all that apply.

   • A.Movement of water across the membrane by osmosis
   • B.Maintenance of calcium gradients by an ATP-dependent membrane pump
   • C.Movement of oxygen across the membrane by simple diffusion
   • D.Movement of sodium out of the cell by the sodium-potassium pump
   • E.Formation of a peptide bond during translation at a ribosome
   • F.Movement of a substance against its concentration gradient by an ATP-driven pump

   Rationale: The sodium-potassium pump, other ATP-driven transporters, and ATP-dependent calcium pumps require energy to move substances against gradients. Oxygen diffusion and osmosis are passive processes and do not directly require ATP. Peptide-bond formation occurs during translation, but the question asks for processes directly impaired by loss of ATP; ATP is not the immediate energy source for formation of each peptide bond, which is driven by the ribosome and GTP-dependent steps.

4. 4.A muscle biopsy reveals cells with abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum specialized for storing and releasing calcium ions. Which tissue is most consistent with this finding?

   • A.Peripheral nervous tissue
   • B.Stratified squamous epithelium
   • C.Adipose connective tissue
   • D.Skeletal muscle

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.

5. 5.A skin sample shows a single layer of flattened cells lining a capillary. Which tissue type best supports rapid exchange between blood and surrounding tissues?

   • A.Simple cuboidal epithelium
   • B.Simple squamous epithelium
   • C.Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
   • D.Stratified cuboidal epithelium

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.