Adult Health 2 Infection Control

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Sample questions from Adult Health 2 Infection Control

This material has 90 questions with answers and rationales. Here are the first 5.

1. 1.A 68-year-old client arrives at the emergency department with fever, productive cough, and an oxygen saturation of 89% on room air. The client reports weight loss and night sweats for 2 months. Which action should the nurse take first?

   • A.Place the client in a negative-pressure room and apply airborne precautions
   • B.Place a surgical mask on the client and use droplet precautions
   • C.Obtain a sputum specimen before initiating any precautions
   • D.Assign the client to a room with another client who has pneumonia

   Rationale: The prolonged cough, weight loss, and night sweats suggest pulmonary tuberculosis, so airborne precautions should begin immediately. Droplet precautions alone are insufficient, and obtaining a specimen or finding a roommate must not delay isolation. The exam takeaway is to initiate transmission-based precautions based on a suspected contagious diagnosis, not wait for confirmation.

2. 2.A 74-year-old hospitalized client has frequent watery stools and a positive test for Clostridioides difficile. The client is stable with a temperature of 37.8 C (100.0 F). Which nursing action is most appropriate?

   • A.Use alcohol-based hand rub after removing gloves
   • B.Wear gown and gloves and wash hands with soap and water after care
   • C.Place the client on droplet precautions and wear a surgical mask
   • D.Use a shared commode after wiping it with an alcohol pad

   Rationale: C. difficile requires contact precautions, and soap-and-water handwashing is preferred because alcohol hand rub does not reliably remove spores. Alcohol hand rub, droplet precautions, and an alcohol pad for shared equipment do not provide appropriate spore control. The exam takeaway is to use dedicated equipment when possible and sporicidal environmental cleaning for C. difficile.

3. 3.A 52-year-old client with suspected bacterial meningitis is admitted to a medical unit with a temperature of 39.2 C (102.6 F), severe headache, and neck stiffness. Which action should the nurse take?

   • A.Place the client on contact precautions
   • B.Initiate airborne precautions and wear an N95 respirator
   • C.Initiate droplet precautions and wear a surgical mask for close contact
   • D.Use standard precautions only until cerebrospinal fluid results return

   Rationale: Suspected meningococcal meningitis requires immediate droplet precautions, including a surgical mask for close contact. Contact or airborne precautions do not match the primary transmission route, and waiting for results exposes others unnecessarily. The exam takeaway is to institute appropriate empiric precautions when a high-risk infection is suspected.

4. 4.A 41-year-old client with influenza is admitted to a single room with fever, myalgia, and a positive rapid test. The client is coughing while the nurse prepares to provide care. Which action is appropriate?

   • A.Wear a surgical mask when providing close care and maintain droplet precautions
   • B.Wear an N95 respirator for all routine care because influenza is airborne
   • C.Wear gown and gloves only because influenza spreads by contact
   • D.Remove the client's mask because it can interfere with oxygenation

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.

5. 5.A 63-year-old client with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis is being transported to radiology for a chest x-ray. The client is alert, has a temperature of 37.4 C (99.3 F), and is breathing comfortably. What should the nurse do?

   • A.Have the client wear a surgical mask during transport
   • B.Have the client wear an N95 respirator during transport
   • C.Transport the client without a mask if the nurse wears a surgical mask
   • D.Delay the x-ray until three sputum smears are negative

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.