Mental Health Capstone Proctored

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Sample questions from Mental Health Capstone Proctored

This material has 90 questions with answers and rationales. Here are the first 5.

1. 1.In the emergency department, a client with a history of heart failure reports sudden shortness of breath and cannot lie flat. Which action should the nurse take first?

   • A.Encourage the client to drink water.
   • B.Place the client in high-Fowler position and apply oxygen as prescribed.
   • C.Collect a urine specimen.
   • D.Obtain a detailed dietary history.

   Rationale: High-Fowler positioning reduces venous return and can ease breathing; oxygen supports oxygenation while the nurse rapidly assesses the client. A dietary history and urine specimen can wait until breathing is addressed. Encouraging fluids may worsen congestion.

2. 2.Which finding in a client with diabetes mellitus requires immediate follow-up?

   • A.A hemoglobin A1c of 7.4%.
   • B.A fasting glucose of 148 mg/dL.
   • C.Mild numbness in both feet for several months.
   • D.New confusion and diaphoresis before lunch.

   Rationale: New confusion and diaphoresis may indicate hypoglycemia, which can rapidly impair neurologic function and requires immediate glucose assessment and treatment. The other findings need follow-up but are not as immediately dangerous. Long-standing neuropathy and an elevated A1c call for ongoing management.

3. 3.During a home visit, a client with COPD describes worsening breathlessness. Which instructions should the nurse reinforce for managing dyspnea? Select all that apply.

   • A.Lean forward with arms supported when short of breath.
   • B.Use pursed-lip breathing during exhalation.
   • C.Exhale during the effort phase of activity.
   • D.Take prescribed rescue medication as directed.
   • E.Increase oxygen flow above the prescription whenever breathless.

   Rationale: Pursed-lip breathing, a supported forward-leaning position, and prescribed rescue medication can reduce work of breathing. Exhaling during exertion avoids breath-holding and can ease activity. Increasing oxygen beyond the prescription without guidance is unsafe, especially for a client at risk for carbon dioxide retention.

4. 4.A client's potassium is 6.2 mEq/L (reference range 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L), and the electrocardiogram shows peaked T waves. Which prescription should the nurse implement first?

   • A.Administer intravenous calcium gluconate as prescribed.
   • B.Encourage the client to ambulate.
   • C.Give an oral potassium supplement.
   • D.Obtain a dietary consult for increased potassium intake.

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.

5. 5.Refer to the client's chart. Which actions should the nurse take now? Select all that apply.

   • A.Give the scheduled potassium chloride dose.
   • B.Notify the provider promptly of the potassium and electrocardiogram findings.
   • C.Place the client on continuous cardiac monitoring.
   • D.Administer the prescribed calcium gluconate.
   • E.Recheck the potassium after treatment as prescribed.

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.