Med- Surgical Nutrition HESI

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Sample questions from Med- Surgical Nutrition HESI

This material has 90 questions with answers and rationales. Here are the first 5.

1. 1.A client with heart failure is reviewing a low-sodium meal plan. Which meal choice indicates the client understands the teaching?

   • A.Frozen cheese pizza
   • B.Baked chicken, brown rice, and steamed green beans prepared without added salt
   • C.Canned chicken noodle soup and crackers
   • D.Deli turkey sandwich with pickles

   Rationale: Fresh foods prepared without added salt are generally lower in sodium and support management of fluid retention in heart failure. Canned soup, deli meat, pickles, and frozen pizza are commonly high-sodium choices. The client should compare nutrition labels and account for sodium in packaged foods.

2. 2.A client with hypertension asks which dietary change is most consistent with the DASH eating pattern. Which response should the nurse make?

   • A.Avoid all foods containing potassium
   • B.Replace whole grains with refined grains
   • C.Increase processed meats to improve protein intake
   • D.Increase fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy foods

   Rationale: The DASH pattern emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy, while limiting sodium and saturated fat. Potassium-rich foods are often included unless contraindicated by kidney disease or specific medications. Processed meats and refined grains are not preferred staples.

3. 3.A nurse is teaching a client with heart failure about reducing dietary sodium. Which client statements demonstrate understanding? Select all that apply.

   • A.I will check with my provider before using a potassium-based salt substitute.
   • B.Sea salt is safe because it contains less sodium than table salt.
   • C.I will compare sodium amounts on food labels.
   • D.I can use herbs and lemon instead of salt for flavor.
   • E.I will rinse canned vegetables before serving them.

   Rationale: Comparing labels, using herbs or lemon, and rinsing canned vegetables can help reduce sodium intake. Sea salt contains sodium and is not a sodium-free alternative to table salt. Potassium-based salt substitutes may be unsafe for clients with kidney disease or those taking medications that increase potassium, so the client should check with the provider.

4. 4.A client with hyperlipidemia asks how to reduce saturated fat intake. Which meal is the best choice?

   • A.Grilled salmon, quinoa, and roasted vegetables
   • B.Cheeseburger with bacon
   • C.Sausage pizza with extra cheese
   • D.Fried chicken with cream gravy

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.

5. 5.A client taking warfarin for atrial fibrillation asks whether leafy green vegetables must be eliminated. Which response is best?

   • A.Take an over-the-counter vitamin K supplement daily.
   • B.Eat a large serving of spinach whenever the INR is elevated.
   • C.Eat a consistent amount of vitamin K-rich foods from week to week.
   • D.Avoid all foods that contain vitamin K.

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.