Biology 2320

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Sample questions from Biology 2320

This material has 90 questions with answers and rationales. Here are the first 5.

1. 1.A 68-year-old client arrives in the emergency department with fever, productive cough, and confusion. Temperature is 39.1 C (102.4 F), heart rate 122/min, blood pressure 86/50 mm Hg, and lactate 4.2 mmol/L. Which action should the nurse take first?

   • A.Obtain blood cultures and begin prescribed broad-spectrum antibiotics promptly
   • B.Administer acetaminophen and reassess the temperature in 1 hour
   • C.Collect a sputum specimen before initiating any treatment
   • D.Teach the client to use an incentive spirometer

   Rationale: The client has suspected sepsis with hypotension and elevated lactate, so prompt cultures followed by antibiotics supports timely treatment of the likely infection. Acetaminophen does not address impaired perfusion, and waiting an hour could delay lifesaving therapy. Sputum collection may be useful but should not delay sepsis treatment, while spirometer teaching is not the immediate priority.

2. 2.A 74-year-old client with diabetes is admitted with a urinary infection. The client is drowsy, has a temperature of 38.7 C (101.7 F), and has a blood pressure of 88/54 mm Hg. Which task is appropriate for the registered nurse to delegate to an experienced unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)?

   • A.Assess the client's mental status for changes
   • B.Measure and report the client's urine output
   • C.Evaluate the client's response to the first antibiotic dose
   • D.Teach the client how to reduce the risk of future urinary infections

   Rationale: Measuring and reporting urine output is a routine, predictable task that can be delegated, while the RN retains responsibility for interpreting the findings. Assessment of mental status and evaluation of treatment response require nursing judgment. Teaching also requires the RN to assess learning needs and confirm understanding.

3. 3.A 22-year-old client with a draining skin abscess is seen in an urgent care clinic. The client is afebrile and has no systemic symptoms. Which instruction is most important to limit transmission of the likely bacterial infection?

   • A.Share towels only with household members who have had the infection
   • B.Keep the wound covered and perform hand hygiene after dressing changes
   • C.Stop the prescribed antibiotic when drainage decreases
   • D.Use the same washcloth on the wound and other skin areas

   Rationale: Keeping drainage contained and performing hand hygiene reduce spread of organisms by contact. Sharing towels can transmit pathogens, even among household members. Stopping antibiotics early or using a contaminated washcloth can worsen infection control and treatment.

4. 4.A 31-year-old client with asthma is prescribed an inhaled corticosteroid after a recent exacerbation. The client is stable in the clinic, with oxygen saturation of 97% on room air, and asks how to prevent oral adverse effects. What should the nurse recommend?

   • A.Use the inhaler only when sudden shortness of breath occurs
   • B.Rinse the mouth and spit after each dose
   • C.Take an extra dose before exercise without a prescription
   • D.Lie flat for 10 minutes after each dose

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.

5. 5.A 58-year-old client with chronic kidney disease reports weakness and palpitations. The ECG shows peaked T waves, and the serum potassium is 6.4 mEq/L. Which prescribed intervention should the nurse implement first?

   • A.Administer IV calcium gluconate
   • B.Offer a high-potassium snack
   • C.Administer an oral potassium supplement
   • D.Encourage ambulation to reduce fatigue

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.