Health and Wellness

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Sample questions from Health and Wellness

This material has 90 questions with answers and rationales. Here are the first 5.

1. 1.A 52-year-old adult at a primary care wellness visit has BP 148/92 mm Hg, repeated after 5 minutes at 146/90 mm Hg. The client reports no headache, chest pain, or dyspnea and has no history of hypertension. Which action should the nurse anticipate?

   • A.Arrange emergency department evaluation for hypertensive crisis.
   • B.Teach home BP monitoring with a validated upper-arm device and arrange follow-up.
   • C.Tell the client that hypertension is confirmed by today's two readings.
   • D.Recommend restricting all exercise until the BP returns to normal.

   Rationale: Repeated elevated readings require follow-up, and out-of-office measurements help confirm hypertension. Emergency evaluation is not indicated for these readings without concerning symptoms. Two readings during one visit generally do not establish the diagnosis, and avoiding all exercise is unnecessary. The exam takeaway is to confirm persistent elevation while promoting safe risk reduction.

2. 2.A 46-year-old client at a health fair has a BMI of 32 kg/m2 and an A1C of 6.1%. The client works nights and says, "I cannot change everything at once." Which response best supports health behavior change?

   • A.You should begin a strict diet and daily vigorous exercise tomorrow.
   • B.Medication is the only effective way to prevent diabetes.
   • C.Which small change in eating or activity feels realistic for you this week?
   • D.Wait until your work schedule changes before setting a goal.

   Rationale: A client-selected, achievable goal supports autonomy and increases the likelihood of sustained behavior change. An abrupt, demanding plan may overwhelm the client rather than build readiness. Medication is not the only prevention strategy, and waiting indefinitely misses an opportunity for progress. The exam takeaway is to use collaborative goal setting rather than prescribing an all-or-nothing plan.

3. 3.A 34-year-old client who smokes 15 cigarettes daily visits an outpatient clinic and wants to quit. The client has a seizure disorder treated with levetiracetam. Which proposed smoking-cessation prescription should the nurse question?

   • A.Bupropion sustained release
   • B.Nicotine transdermal patch
   • C.Nicotine gum
   • D.Nicotine lozenges

   Rationale: Bupropion is contraindicated in clients with a seizure disorder because it can lower the seizure threshold. A nicotine patch is a potential alternative when appropriately assessed and prescribed. Nicotine gum and lozenges do not carry the same seizure-disorder contraindication as bupropion. The exam takeaway is to connect preventive pharmacotherapy with the client's comorbidities.

4. 4.A 29-year-old client who drinks six alcoholic beverages nightly presents to an urgent care clinic 14 hours after the last drink. The client is diaphoretic and tremulous, with HR 118/min and BP 164/96 mm Hg. Which nursing action is the priority?

   • A.Provide a pamphlet about recommended alcohol limits.
   • B.Schedule a nutrition consultation for the following week.
   • C.Encourage the client to sleep at home until symptoms resolve.
   • D.Arrange immediate medical evaluation for alcohol withdrawal.

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.

5. 5.A 71-year-old client at a community wellness visit reports two falls in the past month. The client takes diphenhydramine nightly, uses loose throw rugs, and walks to the bathroom in darkness. Which plan best addresses the identified risks?

   • A.Recommend bed rest at night and continued diphenhydramine use.
   • B.Request medication review, remove loose rugs, and add nighttime lighting.
   • C.Recommend a walker without assessing gait or home hazards.
   • D.Advise limiting fluids after lunch as the primary fall-prevention strategy.

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.