Fundamentals of Nursing, Fundamentals · Delegation & Prioritization, Fundamentals · Infection Control & Isolation

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Sample questions from Fundamentals of Nursing, Fundamentals · Delegation & Prioritization, Fundamentals · Infection Control & Isolation

This material has 90 questions with answers and rationales. Here are the first 5.

1. 1.In the newborn nursery, a 2-day-old infant is placed under phototherapy. Which action best reduces the risk of infection while providing routine care?

   • A.Perform hand hygiene before and after contact with the infant.
   • B.Wear sterile gloves for every diaper change.
   • C.Ask family members to wear an N95 respirator before holding the infant.
   • D.Keep the infant's incubator open to improve air circulation.

   Rationale: Hand hygiene before and after contact is the most effective routine measure to reduce transmission of microorganisms. Sterile gloves are not needed for routine diaper changes; clean gloves may be used when exposure to body fluids is anticipated. Opening an incubator is not an infection-prevention measure, and an N95 respirator is not routinely required for visitors holding an infant.

2. 2.During a home visit, a parent of a 3-year-old child with influenza asks how to reduce spread to a newborn sibling. Which instruction is best?

   • A.Have the child share meals with the newborn so the family can supervise both children.
   • B.Have the newborn wear a face mask whenever the child is in the room.
   • C.Use antibiotics for the newborn as a preventive measure.
   • D.Clean hands before touching the newborn and keep the ill child from close face-to-face contact with the newborn.

   Rationale: Hand hygiene and limiting close contact between the ill child and the newborn reduce opportunities for respiratory droplet transmission. Sharing meals increases close contact and may share contaminated utensils. Antibiotics do not prevent influenza, which is caused by a virus, and a face mask is not an appropriate routine intervention for a newborn.

3. 3.Refer to the client's chart. Which actions should the nurse take to prevent transmission of the suspected infection? Select all that apply.

   • A.Keep the room door closed.
   • B.Wear a fit-tested N95 respirator or higher-level respirator when entering the room.
   • C.Place a surgical mask on the client during necessary transport outside the room.
   • D.Place the client in an airborne infection isolation room with negative pressure.
   • E.Use a positive-pressure room to protect nearby clients.

   Rationale: The client's cough, weight loss, and acid-fast bacilli in sputum support suspected pulmonary tuberculosis, which requires airborne precautions in a negative-pressure room. Staff should use a fit-tested N95 respirator or higher-level protection, and the door should remain closed to maintain room airflow. A surgical mask on the client helps contain respiratory particles during necessary transport; a positive-pressure room is inappropriate because it can push contaminated air into surrounding areas.

4. 4.A client states, "I used hand sanitizer after helping my roommate with diarrhea, so my hands are clean." The roommate has confirmed Clostridioides difficile infection. Which response by the nurse is best?

   • A."Alcohol-based sanitizer is preferred because it kills C. difficile spores."
   • B."Wash your hands with soap and water because sanitizer does not reliably remove C. difficile spores."
   • C."Put on clean gloves, and hand hygiene will not be necessary afterward."
   • D."You only need to wash your hands if you can see stool on them."

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.

5. 5.At change of shift, the nurse receives report on four clients. Which client should the nurse assess first?

   • A.A 12-year-old with a draining wound whose dressing is due to be changed.
   • B.A 24-year-old with a positive influenza test who requests a second blanket.
   • C.A 16-year-old with suspected meningococcal meningitis who is newly confused and difficult to arouse.
   • D.A 7-year-old with varicella who has new vesicles but is breathing comfortably.

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.