HESI PN Evolve Elsevier Exit Pharmacology V1

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Sample questions from HESI PN Evolve Elsevier Exit Pharmacology V1

This material has 90 questions with answers and rationales. Here are the first 5.

1. 1.A client receiving a medication by mouth asks why the effect takes longer than after an injection. Which explanation is accurate?

   • A.Oral medications must be absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and may undergo first-pass metabolism.
   • B.Oral medications enter the bloodstream only after being filtered by the kidneys.
   • C.Oral medications bypass the liver before entering circulation.
   • D.Oral medications are always released slowly, regardless of the formulation.

   Rationale: An oral medication must dissolve and be absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract before entering systemic circulation. Some oral drugs are also metabolized in the liver before reaching the circulation, which can reduce or delay their effect. Oral medications do not bypass the liver, and absorption time varies by drug and formulation.

2. 2.A parent asks how to give a prescribed oral liquid medication to an infant. Which instructions should the practical nurse reinforce? Select all that apply.

   • A.Use a household teaspoon because it is a familiar measure.
   • B.Use an oral syringe to measure the prescribed amount.
   • C.Check the medication label and concentration before each dose.
   • D.Place the medication in a full bottle of formula so the infant will take it.
   • E.Contact the prescriber or pharmacist if the infant spits out or vomits the dose.
   • F.Give the medication slowly into the side of the mouth.

   Rationale: An oral syringe provides an accurate dose, and the label and concentration should be checked because liquid strengths can differ. Giving the medicine slowly into the side of the mouth helps reduce choking; ask the prescriber or pharmacist what to do if the dose is spit out or vomited. Household spoons are inaccurate, and a full bottle risks an incomplete dose if the infant does not finish it.

3. 3.Refer to the client's chart. Which finding requires the practical nurse to hold the next prescribed opioid dose and promptly notify the RN?

   • A.Temperature of 37.0 C at 1000
   • B.Pain rated 6/10 at 0800
   • C.Urine output of 40 mL during the first hour
   • D.Respiratory rate of 9 breaths/min at 1000

   Rationale: The respiratory rate has fallen from 16 to 9 breaths/min after opioid administration, indicating potentially dangerous respiratory depression. Pain at 6/10 is a reason to reassess and communicate, but it does not outweigh the immediate breathing concern. The temperature is not concerning, and the recorded urine output alone does not indicate opioid toxicity.

4. 4.A client is prescribed an enteric-coated tablet. Which action is appropriate?

   • A.Ask the client to chew the tablet thoroughly.
   • B.Crush the tablet and mix it with applesauce.
   • C.Administer the tablet intact with water.
   • D.Dissolve the tablet in warm water before administration.

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.

5. 5.The provider prescribes an antibiotic for a child. Which action best verifies the safety of the prescribed dose before administration?

   • A.Estimate the child's weight from appearance if a recent weight is unavailable.
   • B.Compare the prescribed dose with the child's weight-based recommended range and verify the weight units.
   • C.Use the same dose that was prescribed for the child's sibling.
   • D.Give the maximum dose listed in the reference to ensure effectiveness.

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.