Alplied Pathophysiology a Conceptual Approach Fourth Edition Chepter 10 to 19 Exam

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Sample questions from Alplied Pathophysiology a Conceptual Approach Fourth Edition Chepter 10 to 19 Exam

This material has 90 questions with answers and rationales. Here are the first 5.

1. 1.Which cellular response is most likely when a cell exposed to a brief period of hypoxia can recover after oxygen is restored?

   • A.Apoptosis with membrane rupture
   • B.Reversible cell injury with cellular swelling
   • C.Caseous necrosis
   • D.Coagulative necrosis

   Rationale: Brief hypoxia can impair ATP production and disrupt ion pumps, causing reversible cellular swelling. Coagulative and caseous necrosis are forms of irreversible cell death, while apoptosis is regulated cell death and does not typically cause membrane rupture. Restoration of oxygen before severe membrane and mitochondrial damage permits recovery.

2. 2.A client asks what happens during the early vascular phase of acute inflammation. Which responses should the nurse include? Select all that apply.

   • A.Arterioles dilate, increasing local blood flow.
   • B.Vascular permeability increases, allowing fluid and proteins to enter tissues.
   • C.Fibroblasts immediately form mature scar tissue before leukocytes arrive.
   • D.Neutrophils migrate toward chemical signals at the injury site.
   • E.Brief vasoconstriction may occur immediately after injury.

   Rationale: A brief vasoconstriction may precede vasodilation, which produces warmth and redness. Increased vascular permeability allows protein-rich fluid to enter tissue, contributing to edema, and chemotaxis attracts neutrophils. Fibroblasts are more important in later repair and do not form mature scar tissue before the inflammatory response.

3. 3.Which finding is most characteristic of apoptosis rather than necrosis?

   • A.Cell shrinkage with orderly fragmentation and little surrounding inflammation
   • B.Release of intracellular contents that damages adjacent cells
   • C.Loss of tissue perfusion followed by enzymatic digestion
   • D.Cell swelling followed by membrane rupture and inflammation

   Rationale: Apoptosis is regulated cell death characterized by cell shrinkage and orderly fragmentation, usually without significant inflammation. Cell swelling, membrane rupture, and leakage of intracellular contents describe necrosis. Necrosis often follows severe injury or ischemia and can damage neighboring tissue.

4. 4.A client with a localized skin infection has redness, warmth, swelling, and tenderness. Which mechanisms contribute to these findings? Select all that apply.

   • A.Vasodilation increases local blood flow and contributes to redness and warmth.
   • B.Reduced blood flow to the area is the primary cause of redness and warmth.
   • C.Increased capillary permeability contributes to interstitial edema.
   • D.Leukocyte migration helps deliver immune cells to the affected tissue.
   • E.Chemical mediators sensitize local nerve endings and contribute to pain.

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.

5. 5.A client with a deep wound has increasing pain, purulent drainage, and a temperature of 38.4 C. Which interpretation is most appropriate?

   • A.The wound is healing by primary intention without complication.
   • B.The findings indicate normal scar maturation.
   • C.The client is experiencing apoptosis limited to the wound cells.
   • D.The findings suggest ongoing infection and inflammation.

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.