Fundamental of Practice Study Guide

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Sample questions from Fundamental of Practice Study Guide

This material has 24 questions with answers and rationales. Here are the first 5.

1. 1.A postoperative client is difficult to arouse 30 minutes after receiving an IV opioid. Respirations are shallow at 7 breaths/min. Which action is the priority?

   • A.Ask the client to rate the pain before deciding what to do.
   • B.Support airway and ventilation and summon emergency assistance.
   • C.Document the expected sedating effect and recheck in an hour.
   • D.Encourage the client to drink water and sit in a chair.

   Rationale: B is correct because inadequate ventilation is immediately life-threatening. Emergency support and assessment must occur promptly, with reversal therapy prepared according to protocol. A delays care for a nonpriority assessment. C incorrectly treats dangerous respiratory depression as expected sedation. D creates aspiration and fall risks and does not correct inadequate breathing.

2. 2.Which task is most appropriate for the RN to delegate to trained assistive personnel?

   • A.Measure and record urine output for a stable client.
   • B.Teach a client how to use a newly prescribed walker.
   • C.Determine whether a new episode of confusion represents delirium.
   • D.Evaluate whether an IV analgesic relieved pain safely.

   Rationale: C is correct because routine measurement and recording for a stable client can be delegated with clear reporting instructions. A requires assessment and interpretation. B involves initial teaching and assessment of safe technique. D requires evaluation of therapeutic and adverse effects. The RN remains responsible for reviewing delegated findings.

3. 3.A nurse prepares to enter the room of a client with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis. Which protection is required for routine room entry?

   • A.A face shield without a mask or respirator.
   • B.Sterile gloves without respiratory protection.
   • C.A medical mask only.
   • D.A fit-tested N95 or higher-level respirator.

   Rationale: A is correct because suspected infectious pulmonary tuberculosis requires airborne precautions and appropriate respiratory protection. B does not provide the required staff protection against airborne transmission. C does not protect the respiratory tract and sterile gloves are not routinely required. D protects against splashes but does not replace a respirator.

4. 4.An alert adult with diabetes has a glucose of 58 mg/dL and can swallow safely. Which action should the nurse take first under a standard hypoglycemia protocol?

   • A.Administer the scheduled rapid-acting insulin.
   • B.Provide a high-fat snack and recheck in 2 hours.
   • C.Give 15 g of rapid-acting carbohydrate and recheck in 15 minutes.
   • D.Wait for the next meal because the client is alert.

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.

5. 5.A client's potassium result is 6.2 mEq/L. Which nursing response is most appropriate?

   • A.Assess the client, arrange cardiac monitoring as indicated, and urgently report the result.
   • B.Give the scheduled potassium supplement to prevent muscle weakness.
   • C.Assume the specimen is hemolyzed and ignore the result.
   • D.Encourage potassium-rich foods.

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.