ATI RN Fundamental Ichs

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Sample questions from ATI RN Fundamental Ichs

This material has 90 questions with answers and rationales. Here are the first 5.

1. 1.During a home visit, a client with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis is coughing frequently. Which instruction should the nurse give to reduce transmission to household members?

   • A.Cover the mouth when coughing, improve ventilation, and wear a surgical mask when around others.
   • B.Have household members wear N95 respirators while the client remains unmasked.
   • C.Use alcohol-based hand rub after coughing instead of wearing a mask.
   • D.Keep windows closed and wear a surgical mask when in the same room.

   Rationale: For a client with suspected airborne tuberculosis, source control includes masking the client when around others, covering coughs, and improving ventilation; healthcare personnel use a fit-tested N95 or higher-level respirator. Closing windows can reduce ventilation, and hand hygiene does not replace respiratory precautions. Household members should not be relied on to wear respirators as a substitute for masking the infectious client and following public health guidance.

2. 2.A client states, "I feel dizzy when I stand up to go to the bathroom." Which action should the nurse take first to reduce the client's risk of falling?

   • A.Keep the bed in its highest position so the client can stand without bending.
   • B.Raise all four side rails so the client cannot get out of bed.
   • C.Place the call light within reach and instruct the client to request assistance before standing.
   • D.Ask the client to walk independently several times to build confidence.

   Rationale: Making the call light accessible and instructing the client to request help addresses the immediate risk of an unassisted transfer while allowing appropriate mobility. Raising all four rails can be considered a restraint and may increase injury risk if the client attempts to climb over them. A high bed increases fall risk, and independent walking is unsafe until the dizziness and mobility are assessed.

3. 3.In the pediatric clinic, a toddler is diagnosed with varicella. Which infection-control actions should staff take? Select all that apply.

   • A.Wear a gown and gloves when providing care that involves contact with lesions or contaminated clothing.
   • B.Use a fit-tested N95 respirator when entering the room.
   • C.Allow a pregnant staff member without evidence of varicella immunity to provide care if she wears gloves.
   • D.Keep the child in the room until lesions are dry and crusted, according to facility policy.
   • E.Place the child in an airborne infection isolation room if available.

   Rationale: Varicella requires airborne and contact precautions, so an airborne infection isolation room and a fit-tested N95 respirator are appropriate. A gown and gloves protect against contact with lesions and contaminated items, and the child should remain isolated until lesions are dry and crusted according to policy. Gloves alone do not protect a nonimmune pregnant staff member from airborne exposure, so that staff member should not provide care.

4. 4.Which action is appropriate when preparing a sterile field for a dressing change?

   • A.Reach across the sterile field to place a sterile gauze pad.
   • B.Consider the outer 2.5 cm (1 in) border of the sterile field contaminated.
   • C.Add sterile solution by pouring it from several centimeters above the container.
   • D.Turn away from the field briefly while opening a sterile package.

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.

5. 5.A nurse sustains a needlestick from a used hollow-bore needle. What should the nurse do first?

   • A.Wait until the end of the shift to report the exposure.
   • B.Squeeze the wound forcefully to make it bleed.
   • C.Apply a tourniquet above the puncture site.
   • D.Wash the area with soap and water.

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.