Fundamentals of Nursing

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Sample questions from Fundamentals of Nursing

This material has 90 questions with answers and rationales. Here are the first 5.

1. 1.In a medical-surgical unit, a client with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis is admitted from the emergency department. Which room assignment is appropriate?

   • A.A private room with the door open and a surgical mask on the client
   • B.A semiprivate room with a client who has influenza
   • C.A private negative-pressure room with the door closed
   • D.A private room with positive airflow and the door open

   Rationale: Suspected pulmonary tuberculosis requires airborne precautions in an airborne infection isolation room with negative pressure; the door should remain closed. Positive airflow can push contaminated air into the corridor, and sharing a room risks exposing another client. A surgical mask on the client may be used during necessary transport but does not replace airborne isolation.

2. 2.During a home visit, a parent asks how to reduce infection risk while caring for a newborn with an umbilical cord stump. Which instructions should the nurse provide? Select all that apply.

   • A.Wash hands before and after touching the cord area.
   • B.Apply antibiotic ointment to the stump at every diaper change.
   • C.Cover the stump tightly with an abdominal binder to prevent contamination.
   • D.Contact the newborn's health care provider for redness spreading onto the abdomen or foul-smelling drainage.
   • E.Keep the stump clean and dry, and fold the diaper below it.

   Rationale: Hand hygiene and keeping the stump clean and dry help prevent infection; folding the diaper below the stump limits moisture and friction. Spreading redness or foul-smelling drainage warrants prompt evaluation for infection. Routine ointment is not recommended unless specifically prescribed, and a tight covering can trap moisture and impede drying.

3. 3.A client's potassium is 6.1 mEq/L, and the client is on contact precautions for a draining wound. Which action should the nurse take when entering the room to assess the client?

   • A.Don gloves and a gown before entering, and bring only essential equipment.
   • B.Don a surgical mask and gloves, then bring the shared blood pressure cuff.
   • C.Don gloves and a gown, then leave the door open for easier observation.
   • D.Wear gloves only, because the wound is covered with a dressing.

   Rationale: Contact precautions require a gown and gloves upon room entry, and dedicated or disinfected equipment helps prevent transmission. A mask is not routinely required for contact precautions unless another indication exists. A covered wound does not eliminate the need for gloves and a gown, and the door should not be left open if it compromises isolation practices.

4. 4.At change of shift, the nurse receives report on four clients. Which client should be assessed first for an immediate safety risk?

   • A.A client with a new colostomy who needs assistance learning pouch care
   • B.A client with chronic arthritis who reports pain of 6 out of 10
   • C.A client awaiting discharge whose family has questions about follow-up appointments
   • D.A client with dementia who is climbing over the bedrail and attempting to stand

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.

5. 5.In the emergency department, a client with suspected meningococcal meningitis arrives by ambulance. Which precaution should staff initiate?

   • A.Protective environment precautions to shield the client from staff
   • B.Droplet precautions, including a surgical mask for close contact
   • C.Airborne precautions with an N95 respirator for every room entry
   • D.Contact precautions with gloves only

   Answer and rationale are in the full material.